The ADF began as an Islamist-rooted rebel group in Uganda that opposed President Yoweri Museveni.It originally operated in Uganda but fell back to North Kivu, DR Congo’s border province with Uganda, during the Congo Wars of the 1990s.The militia appears to have halted raids inside Uganda and its recruits today are of various nationalities.

Already blamed for hundreds of civilian deaths in Beni since 2014, the group embarked on a series of massacres after the army launched a crackdown in October.

The Congolese army says it has taken the ADF’s headquarters and that five out of the group’s six senior commanders have been killed.

The UN peacekeeping mission MONUSCO last Wednesday reported that Congolese troops had captured 40 ADF men.

Despite these reported successes, “the massacres have been continuing at a frenzied rate in Beni,” according to the Kivu Security Tracker (KST), an NGO that monitors human rights violations in eastern DR Congo.

A total of 393 people have died since the end of October, many of them hacked to death, according to its toll.

It also says, quoting a source speaking on anonymity, that nearly 300 troops have been killed.

The ADF is one of numerous militias which plague the area — a legacy of two wars that dragged the Democratic Republic of Congo’s neighbours into a regional conflict. (AFP)